At the time of Gunungkidul still a wilderness, there is a village inhabited by some people escape from Majapahit. The village is Pongangan, led by R. Katong god king's brother UB. After R Dewa Katong moved to the village 10 km north Pongangan Katongan, son named R. Suromejo build Pongangan village, so that more and more rama. Some time later, R. Suromejo moved to Karangmojo.Development of population in the area of Gunungkidul was heard by the king of Mataram Sunan Amangkurat Amral based in Kartosuro. Then he sent Senopati Ki Tumenggung Prawiropekso for proving the truth of the news. Having stated the truth, Tumenggung Prawiropekso advised R. Suromejo to ask for permission from the king of Mataram, because the area falls within his domain.
R. Suromejo not want to, and finally there was a war that resulted in her death. So also 2 children and in-laws. Ki Pontjodirjo which is a subsidiary of R Suromejo finally surrendered, by the Prince Regent was appointed Sambernyowo Gunungkidul I. But the Regent Diamond Tumenggung Pontjodirjo no long-serving because of the determination of regional boundaries between the Sultan and Mangkunegaran Gunungkidul II on May 13, 1831. Gunungkidul (other than as a regional enclave Ngawen Mangkunegaran) into the district under the authority of Yogyakarta Sultanate.
Mas Mas Tumenggung Pontjodirjo replaced Tumenggung Prawirosetiko, which divert the position of the district from Ponjong to Wonosari.
According to Mr RM Suryodiningrat in his book "Praja Peprentahan Javanist" boosted book published in 1931 de Vorstenlanden Rouffaer GP posts, and opinions in his book Onstaan BMMr.AK Pringgodigdo En Groei Mangkoenegorosche van het Rijk, the establishment of Gunung (administrative region) in 1831 one year after the War Diponegoro, along with the formation of other districts in Yogyakarta. Mentioned that "Goenoengkidoel, wewengkon pareden wetan lepen opaque. Siti Poeniko maosan ing dalem sami kaliyan Montjanagari era kino, under ipun Pepatih dados Dalem. Ing tahoen 1831 Nagoragung sarta Mantjanagari-nipoen Ngajogjakarta sampoen dipoen wars, Mataram dados 3 wewengkon, Dene Pangagengipoen wewengkon satoenggal-satoenggalipoen dipoen wastani Boepati Wadono sesebatan Toemenggoeng kaparingan District, Sleman poeniko inggih (Roemijin Denggong), Kalasan and Bantoel. Siti maosan ing dalem Compassionate dipoen koewaosi Dening Boepati Wedono Dalem Pamadjegan District. Ing oegi Makanten Sentolo wonten district pengageng ingkang kaparingan sesebatan Riya. Goenoengkidoel ingkang nyepeng siti maosan dalem sesebatan nipoen Riya. "
And by the efforts made to trace the Anniversary committee Gunungkidul district in 1984 revealed both through historical facts, research, data collection from community leaders, experts and a list of existing literature, eventually determined that the District Gunungkidul with Wonosari as the seat of government was born on Friday Legi dated May 27, 1831 or 15 Large Je 1758 and strengthened by the Decision Level II Regional Head of Gunung No: 70/188.45/6/1985 on Stipulation of day, date month and year Anniversary Gunungkidul district, signed by regent at that time Drs KRT Sosro Sultanate June 14, 1985.
While legally, Gunungkidul district status as one of the districts eligible districts organize and manage their own household in the neighborhood of Yogyakarta Special Region and based in Wonosari as the district capital, established on August 15, 1950 with Law No. 15 Year 1950 jo Government Regulation No. 32 in 1950 at the time led by KRT Labaningrat Gunungkidul.
In order to perpetuate the Day Gunungkidul district built a monument inscription on the tomb of the first regents Tumenggung Mas Suryo sangkala Pontjodirjo wth reading and Condro sangkala reads:
REAL wig MANGGALANING NATA "HANYIPTA TUMATANIG SWAPROJO" Suryo menuruut sangkala 1831, was reversed in 1758 sangkala Condro 8571.